Generalized eczematous rash in a patient with shoe contact dermatitis: a case report

Authors

  • Moteb K. Alotaibi Department of Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20192268

Keywords:

Allergens, Allergic contact dermatitis, Autoeczematisation, Autosensitisation, Dermatophytosis, Id reaction, Nickel, Shoe dermatitis, Patch test, Stasis dermatitis

Abstract

The id reaction, which is also known as autoeczematisation or autosensitisation dermatitis, refers to the acute development of dermatitis at a site distant from the site of the primary inflammatory cutaneous reaction. Many stimuli have been reported as causes of id reactions, including allergic contact dermatitis. The exact prevalence of id reaction is unknown, however, id reactions have been found to occur in 4%-5% of cases of dermatophyte infections and in up to 37% of patients with stasis dermatitis. This condition has no known predilection for any race, sex or age groups. Shoe dermatitis is a type of contact dermatitis developed following the contact of the foot’s skin with shoe’s parts that contain different chemical substance that harbor the potentiality to be an immune trigger. Among the potential allergens, rubber is found to be the most common shoe-related allergen reported in the literature. Other known allergens include: cements, dichromats used in tanning, dyes, anti-mildew agents, formaldehyde, and nickel eyelets or nickel arch supports. The pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis is a type IV, delayed-type immune response that provoked by cutaneous contacts with different material that have the ability to stimulate antigen-specific T-helper 1 (TH1) in a sensitized individual. The clinical presentation of id reaction includes acute onset of pruritic erythematous eruption with symmetrical distribution that follows the primary dermatitis by one to two weeks. Authors report a 27-year-old male who presented with generalized, symmetric pruritic and eczematous eruption following localized shoe dermatitis.

 

References

Sommer LL, Hejazi EZ, Heymann WR. An acute linear pruritic eruption following allergic contact dermatitis. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2014;7(11):42-4.

Smith RG. Shoe dermatitis: a review of current concepts. The Foot. 2008 Mar;18(1):40-7.

Onder M, Atahan AC, Bassoy B. Foot dermatitis from the shoes. Int J Dermatol. 2004;43(8):565-7.

Mowad CM, Anderson B, Scheinman P, Pootongkam S, Nedorost S, Brod B. Allergic contact dermatitis Patient diagnosis and evaluation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(6):1029-40.

Heng M, Allen S. Predominance of CD8 subset in id eruption of poison oak-induced dermatitis. Aust J Dermatol. 1991;32(2):93-100.

Cunningham M, Zone J, Petersen M, Green J. Circulating activated (DR-positive) T lymphocytes in a patient with autoeczematization. J Ame Acad Dermatol. 1986;14(6):1039-41.

Kasteler J. Scott. Circulating Activated T Lymphocytes in Autoeczematization. Arch Dermatol. 1992;128(6):795.

Fehr B. T Cells reactive to keratinocyte antigens are generated during induction of contact hypersensitivity in mice. a model for autoeczematization in humans? Amer J Cont Dermat. 2000;11(3):145-54.

González-Amaro R, Baranda L, Abud-Mendoza C, Delgado SP, Moncada B. Autoeczematization is associated with abnormal immune recognition of autologous skin antigens. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;28(1):56-60.

Evans MP. Id Reaction (Autoeczematization), 2018. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1049760-overview#a4. Accessed on November 6, 2017.

Downloads

Published

2019-05-24

Issue

Section

Case Reports