Correlation between salivary glucose and blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals

Authors

  • Uma Maheswara R. Golamari Department of Medicine, Shri Satya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Nellikuppam, Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu, India
  • Meenakshi Sundari subramaniyan Natarajan Department of Medicine, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM IST, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu, India
  • Annam Lakshmanan Department of Medicine, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM IST, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu, India
  • Rajeswari K. Balakrishnan Department of Medicine, Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Enathur, Kanchipuram District, Tamilnadu, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20193274

Keywords:

HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, Fasting blood sugar, Salivary glucose

Abstract

Background:  The aim of this study was to determine as well as to compare the salivary glucose levels in the diabetic and non-diabetic population and correlate the values with their fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (glycated Haemoglobin) levels. Many researchers have proposed the possibility of using salivary glucose estimation for screening and monitoring of effect in general population and in resource poor settings. But studies on this subject in Indian population are limited.

Methods: The current study was an analytical cross sectional study of a group of 100 diabetic patients and 100 healthy controls, conducted in the Department of General Medicine, SRM medical college hospital. The mean difference in the salivary glucose between diabetic and non-diabetic population was compared using unpaired t-test.

Results: There was a strong positive association between FBS (fasting blood sugar) and salivary glucose in the overall population. There was a strong positive correlation between FBS and Salivary glucose in FBS <200. There was a moderate positive association between FBS and salivary glucose in people with FBS value between 200 to 300 mg/dl. There was a weak positive association between FBS and salivary glucose in people with FBS value >300 mg/dl, which was statistically not significant. There was a strong positive correlation between HbA1c and salivary glucose in the overall population.

Conclusions: There appears to be a strong positive association between fasting blood sugar and salivary glucose value in both study groups. But the correlation seems to be relatively weak in fasting blood sugar range above 300 mg/dl. Considering this positive association, further studies are needed to explore the possibility of utilizing salivary glucose for monitoring glycemic control.

References

Wild S, Relic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diab Care. 2004;27(5):1047-53.

Nathan DM. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study at 30 Years: Overview. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(1):9-16.

King P, Peacock I, Donnelly R. The UK prospective diabetes study (UKPDS): clinical and therapeutic implications for type 2 diabetes. Brit J Clin Pharmacol. 1999;48(5):643-8.

Wright S, Yelland M, Heathcote K, Ng SK, Wright G. Fear of needles--nature and prevalence in general practice. Aust Fam Physician. 2009;38(3):172-6.

Chiasson JL, Morrissey R, Hamet P. Precision and costs of techniques for self-monitoring of serum glucose levels. Can Med Assoc J. 1984;130(1):38-43.

Rathnayake N, Akerman S, Klinge B, Lundegren N, Jansson H, Tryselius Y, et al. Salivary biomarkers for detection of systemic diseases. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61356.

Ladgotra A, Verma P, Raj SS. Estimation of salivary and serum biomarkers in diabetic and non diabetic patients: a comparative study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(6):Zc56-61.

Sashikumar R, Kannan R. Salivary glucose levels and oral candidal carriage in type II diabetics. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109(5):706-11.

Patel BJ, Dave B, Dave D, Karmakar P, Shah M, Sarvaiya B. Comparison and Correlation of Glucose Levels in Serum and Saliva of Both Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7(8):70-6.

Forbat LN, Collins RE, Maskell GK, Sonksen PH. Glucose concentrations in parotid fluid and venous blood of patients attending a diabetic clinic. J R Soc Med. 1981;74(10);725-8

Mascarenhas P, Fatela B, BarahonaI. Effect of diabetes mellitus type 2 on salivary glucose: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e101706.

Gupta S, Sandhu SV, Bansal H, Sharma D. Comparison of salivary and serum glucose levels in diabetic patients. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2015;9(1):91-6.

Downloads

Published

2019-07-24

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles